9.12.19

Election Special: Antisemitism


In the run-up to the election, I am passing on a couple of resources in case readers find them of value.

Antisemitism has been so much in the news that everyone must believe there cannot be smoke without fire. But if you dig into the allegations, it becomes clear that a minuscule flame has been fanned for political purposes.
How Labour Became “Antisemitic”

Ever since his shock election to the Labour leadership in 2015, Jeremy Corbyn has been dogged by allegations of “antisemitism.” Both the media and hostile MPs claim he has failed to confront Jew-hate in party ranks — one Tory minister even said Corbyn would be “the first antisemitic Western leader since 1945.” Often bound up with debates on Israel and anti-imperialism, this has become one of the main lines of attack against Corbyn, both within and outside the party.
Yet for all the headlines about “mounting antisemitism” in Labour, we are rarely given any sense of its scale. Data released by the party in February 2019 showed that it had received 1,106 specific complaints of antisemitism since April 2018, of which just 673 regarded actual Labour members. The party membership stands at over half a million: the allegations, even if they were true, concern around 0.1 percent of the total.
Constant media talk of Labour’s “antisemitism crisis” has nonetheless warped all discussion of this issue. This is a key finding of Bad News for Labour, a new book on the party’s handling of antisemitism claims. The study is especially notable for its use of focus groups and polling to gauge public perceptions of the affair: when its authors commissioned Survation to ask 1,009 people how many Labour members faced antisemitism complaints, the average estimate — at 34 percent — was over three hundred times the published figures.

Election Special: NHS


In the run-up to the election, I am passing on a couple of resources in case readers find them of value.

Must watch film - now offered free in time for General Election 2019.

The Great NHS Heist forensically examines not only how the Tories plan to sell off the NHS but how they are already well advanced in smashing it apart, selling off the fragments piece by piece.

17.10.19

Caitlin Kirby defends her dissertation wearing a skirt made of rejection letters


Caitlin Kirby, a graduate student in earth and environment science at Michigan State University, defended her doctoral dissertation while wearing a skirt she had made from 17 rejection letters she had received in the course of her studies.
“The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed,” she said. “A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way.” ... "I just searched for 'unfortunately' and 'we regret to inform you' in my email"
Spotted via Boing Boing.


16.10.19

How Amazon Web Services Uses Formal Methods

How Amazon Web Services Uses Formal Methods by Newcombe et al, appeared in Communications of the ACM in April 2015. It describes the use of Leslie Lamport's TLA+ (Temporal Logic of Actions) to refine the design of web services such as Dynamo DB and S3. (S3 stored 2 billion objects and handled 1.1 million transaction per second back in 2013.) Thanks to Jessica Kerr for pointing me to this paper after an interview for the podcast Greater Than Code.
We find a major benefit of having a precise, testable model of the core system is that we can quickly verify that even deep changes are safe or learn they are unsafe without doing harm. In several cases, we have prevented subtle but serious bugs from reaching production. In other cases we have been able to make innovative performance optimizations (such as removing or narrowing locks or weakening constraints on message ordering) we would not have dared to do without having model-checked those changes. A precise, testable description of a system becomes a what-if tool for designs, analogous to how spreadsheets are a what-if tool for financial models. We find that using such a tool to explore the behavior of the system can improve the designer’s understanding of the system.

14.10.19

The Next 7000 Programming Languages


The Next 7000 Programming Languages, by Chatley, Donaldson, and Mycroft, appears in a book marking 10,000 volumes of LNCS. Though they riff on Landin's title, the authors consider something quite different: Darwinian evolution in the context of programming languages. I've long thought we need a theory of the economics of programming languages, to explain why the most popular language is not always that one might consider best suited to a task. But, until now, it's not been clear to me what such a theory might consist of, other than the observation that network effects apply to programming languages. This paper points in the direction of a theory of programming languages as a whole, drawing on evolutionary theory and with a potential grounding in empirical measures, such as scraping Github to measure which languages are more or less popular.

It is useful here to distinguish between the success of a species of plant (or a programming language) and that of a gene (or programming language concept). For example, while pure functional languages such as Haskell have been successful in certain programming niches the idea (gene) of passing side-effect-free functions to map, reduce, and similar operators for data processing, has recently been acquired by many mainstream programming languages and systems; we later ascribe this partly to the emergence of multi-core processors.

This last example highlights perhaps the most pervasive form of competition for niches (and for languages, or plants, to evolve in response): climate change. Ecologically, an area becoming warmer or drier might enable previously non-competitive species to get a foothold. Similarly, even though a given programming task has not changed, we can see changes in available hardware and infrastructure as a form of climate change—what might be a great language for solving a programming problem on a single-core processor may be much less suitable for multi-core processors or data-centre solutions.

Amusingly, other factors which encourage language adoption (e.g. libraries, tools, etc.) have a plant analogy as symbiotes—porting (or creating) a wide variety of libraries for a language enhances its prospects.

13.10.19

Toki Pona


At Haskell Exchange, Stephan Schneider introduced me to Toki Pona, an extremely simple artificial language, based on 120 symbols. You can read more on Wikipedia.




7.8.19

IOHK is hiring!


The Plutus team at IOHK is headed by Manuel Chakravarty and consists of a small but strong team of developers; I work on it as a consultant. We are designing a smart contract language, based on Haskell (for both offchain and onchain user-level programming) and System F (as the core code that runs onchain, the equivalent of the EVM for Ethereum). IOHK, unlike any other firm I know, is committed to building on peer-reviewed research, so publication is encouraged. We are hiring!
As a Functional Compiler Engineer at IOHK you will work closely with our programming language theory and cryptography researchers, our formal methods team, and our engineering team throughout the smart contracts development programme involving design, coding, testing and integrating of new smart scripting languages into our blockchain technology. This also includes the design and implementation of relevant domain specific languages (DSLs). You will have a strong understanding of programming language design, type systems, operational semantics, interpreters, and compiler implementation techniques.
Applications from folk who will increase our diversity are encouraged. Details here.

22.5.19

Please vote!

If you are a UK citizen, please remember to vote in the EU elections tomorrow. Latest poll results for Scotland from the Herald are above (and linked). I will vote Green.

Farage's Brexit Party is doing distressingly well. If you are considering sitting this one out, I remind you of the words of Robert Heinlein:
If you are part of a society that votes, then do so. There may be no candidates and no measures you want to vote for ... but there are certain to be ones you want to vote against. [from Time Enough for Love]

PLFA in Padova


Next week, I will teach six hours of classes based on PLFA, and deliver a departmental seminar on the same topic. Maybe I will see you there!

Seminar: 16.00-17.00 Tue 28 May (details)

Classes: 12.30-15.30 Wed-Thu 29-30 May (details)